Masz często biegunki lub wzdęcia? Sprawdź czy chorujesz na SIBO. Jakie są objawy i leczenie?

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SIBO to zespół rozrostu bakteryjnego jelita cienkiego, inaczej przerostu flory bakteryjnej jelita cienkiego. Zbyt duża ilość bakterii w przewodzie pokarmowym jest przyczyną nieprzyjemnych dolegliwości. Aby rozpoznać schorzenie, należy poddać się wodorowym lub metanowym testom oddechowym.

SIBO – objawy

Najczęstszym objawem SIBO są wzdęcia, biegunka, ból lub dyskomfort w jamie brzusznej, nudności i zaparcia, uczucie pełności w jamie brzusznej. Pacjenci skarżą się także na stolce tłuszczowe, nieuzasadnione chudnięcie, anemię czy inne niedobory (witaminy A, B12, D, E). W późniejszym stadium może pojawić się osłabienie kości spowodowane niskim poziomem wapnia i witaminy D.

SIBO – czynniki rozwoju

Z SIBO łączony jest zespół jelita drażliwego. Ale to nie wszystko. Na pojawienie się tych dolegliwości mogą wpłynąć także:

• niedobory odporności,
• nieprawidłowości w budowie i problemy z perystaltyką jelita cienkiego,
• zaburzenia trawienia i wchłaniania np. przewlekłe zapalenie trzustki, choroby Leśniowskiego-Crohna, choroby wątroby, mukowiscydoza, celiakia,
• opioidowe leki przeciwbólowe i preparaty hamujące wydzielanie soku żołądkowego.

SIBO – diagnostyka

Podstawowym testem w diagnostyce SIBO są wodorowe testy oddechowe pozwalające ocenić aktywność bakterii jelitowych, badania laboratoryjne krwi, które mogą potwierdzić niedokrwistość z niedoboru witaminy B12 i niedobór albumin, RTG układu pokarmowego z podaniem kontrastu, badanie treści pobranej z jelita cienkiego, czy sprawdzenie obecności tłuszczu w kale. 

SIBO – leczenie

U pacjentów z SIBO lekarze zalecają antybiotykoterapię, aby wyeliminować nadmierny rozrost drobnoustrojów, a zarazem złagodzić objawy choroby. Antybiotyk należy przyjmować zgodnie z zaleceniami lekarza. Jeśli stwierdzono niedobory witamin, niezbędna będzie suplementacja. W przypadku nieprawidłowości anatomicznych może być konieczny zabieg chirurgiczny.

SIBO – dieta

Niezwykle istotnym elementem układanki leczenia SIBO, oprócz antybiotykoterapii, jest także stosowanie odpowiedniej diety, która pomoże zminimalizować niekomfortowe symptomy. Jadłospis ma być wolny od produktów, które są pożywką dla bakterii.

Dieta low FODMAP – upraszczając, chodzi o eliminację potraw zawierających: fruktozę – owoce, miód, słodycze; laktozę – produkty mleczne; pszenicę, czosnek, cebulę; rośliny strączkowe, a także ksylitol, mannitol, erytrytol. Zalecane warzywa to: papryka, marchew, sałata, ogórki, pomidory, kukurydza, seler, bakłażan, bataty, szczypiorek czy dynia.

Dieta SCD – dieta specyficznych węglowodanów – polega na ograniczeniu większości węglowodanów z wyjątkiem cukrów prostych. Dopuszcza jedzenie mięsa, ryb, warzyw, orzechów, miodu i niektórych roślin strączkowych. Zakazane są zboża, warzywa i owoce z puszki, przetworzone wędliny i mięso, soja, ciecierzyca, bataty, ziemniaki, pasternak, nabiał, kakao, soki owocowe. Bardziej restrykcyjną odmianą tej diety jest dieta GAPS, w której chory nie je zbóż, cukru, ziemniaków, dyni, batatów. Skupia się na jadłospisie bazującym na m.in. wysokiej jakości mięsie i rybach, jajach, świeżych warzywach i owocach.

Protokół dr Siebecker – czyli dieta opracowana przez specjalistkę w dziedzinie SIBO.

Dozwolone jest:

• mięso i ryby świeże (nieprzetworzone),
• większość warzyw,
• niektóre owoce, orzechy i pestki w określonych ilościach,
• mięso i ryby świeże (nieprzetworzone),
• jajka, sery długo dojrzewające,
• masło,
• domowa śmietana i domowy jogurt,
• ocet jabłkowy i winny,
• soczewica.

oprac. Angelika Drygas

Fot. envato elements

Źródło: ncez.pzh.gov.p

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Sprawdź czy chorujesz na SIBO. Jakie są objawy i leczenie? 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SIBO – leczenie

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SIBO – leczenie

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SIBO to zespół rozrostu bakteryjnego jelita cienkiego, inaczej przerostu flory bakteryjnej jelita cienkiego. Zbyt duża ilość bakterii w przewodzie pokarmowym jest przyczyną nieprzyjemnych dolegliwości. Aby rozpoznać schorzenie, należy poddać się wodorowym lub metanowym testom oddechowym.

SIBO – objawy

Najczęstszym objawem SIBO są wzdęcia, biegunka, ból lub dyskomfort w jamie brzusznej, nudności i zaparcia, uczucie pełności w jamie brzusznej. Pacjenci skarżą się także na stolce tłuszczowe, nieuzasadnione chudnięcie, anemię czy inne niedobory (witaminy A, B12, D, E). W późniejszym stadium może pojawić się osłabienie kości spowodowane niskim poziomem wapnia i witaminy D.

SIBO – czynniki rozwoju

Z SIBO łączony jest zespół jelita drażliwego. Ale to nie wszystko. Na pojawienie się tych dolegliwości mogą wpłynąć także:

• niedobory odporności,
• nieprawidłowości w budowie i problemy z perystaltyką jelita cienkiego,
• zaburzenia trawienia i wchłaniania np. przewlekłe zapalenie trzustki, choroby Leśniowskiego-Crohna, choroby wątroby, mukowiscydoza, celiakia,
• opioidowe leki przeciwbólowe i preparaty hamujące wydzielanie soku żołądkowego.

SIBO – diagnostyka

Podstawowym testem w diagnostyce SIBO są wodorowe testy oddechowe pozwalające ocenić aktywność bakterii jelitowych, badania laboratoryjne krwi, które mogą potwierdzić niedokrwistość z niedoboru witaminy B12 i niedobór albumin, RTG układu pokarmowego z podaniem kontrastu, badanie treści pobranej z jelita cienkiego, czy sprawdzenie obecności tłuszczu w kale. 

SIBO – leczenie

U pacjentów z SIBO lekarze zalecają antybiotykoterapię, aby wyeliminować nadmierny rozrost drobnoustrojów, a zarazem złagodzić objawy choroby. Antybiotyk należy przyjmować zgodnie z zaleceniami lekarza. Jeśli stwierdzono niedobory witamin, niezbędna będzie suplementacja. W przypadku nieprawidłowości anatomicznych może być konieczny zabieg chirurgiczny.

SIBO – dieta

Niezwykle istotnym elementem układanki leczenia SIBO, oprócz antybiotykoterapii, jest także stosowanie odpowiedniej diety, która pomoże zminimalizować niekomfortowe symptomy. Jadłospis ma być wolny od produktów, które są pożywką dla bakterii.

Dieta low FODMAP – upraszczając, chodzi o eliminację potraw zawierających: fruktozę – owoce, miód, słodycze; laktozę – produkty mleczne; pszenicę, czosnek, cebulę; rośliny strączkowe, a także ksylitol, mannitol, erytrytol. Zalecane warzywa to: papryka, marchew, sałata, ogórki, pomidory, kukurydza, seler, bakłażan, bataty, szczypiorek czy dynia.

Dieta SCD – dieta specyficznych węglowodanów – polega na ograniczeniu większości węglowodanów z wyjątkiem cukrów prostych. Dopuszcza jedzenie mięsa, ryb, warzyw, orzechów, miodu i niektórych roślin strączkowych. Zakazane są zboża, warzywa i owoce z puszki, przetworzone wędliny i mięso, soja, ciecierzyca, bataty, ziemniaki, pasternak, nabiał, kakao, soki owocowe. Bardziej restrykcyjną odmianą tej diety jest dieta GAPS, w której chory nie je zbóż, cukru, ziemniaków, dyni, batatów. Skupia się na jadłospisie bazującym na m.in. wysokiej jakości mięsie i rybach, jajach, świeżych warzywach i owocach.

Protokół dr Siebecker – czyli dieta opracowana przez specjalistkę w dziedzinie SIBO.

Dozwolone jest:

• mięso i ryby świeże (nieprzetworzone),
• większość warzyw,
• niektóre owoce, orzechy i pestki w określonych ilościach,
• mięso i ryby świeże (nieprzetworzone),
• jajka, sery długo dojrzewające,
• masło,
• domowa śmietana i domowy jogurt,
• ocet jabłkowy i winny,
• soczewica.

oprac. Angelika Drygas

Fot. envato elements

Źródło: ncez.pzh.gov.p

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